05-3 ierce Amorites and the First King of the Babylonian Empire

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fierce Amorites and the First King of the Babylonian Empire

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Naplanum	c. 1961–1940 BC	Contemporary of Ibbi-Suen of Ur III
Emisum	c. 1940–1912 BC
Samium	c. 1912–1877 BC
Zabaia	c. 1877–1868 BC	Son of Samium, First royal inscription
Gungunum	c. 1868–1841 BC	Gutian king who Gained independence from Lipit-Eshtar of Isin
Abisare	c. 1841–1830 BC
Sumuel	c. 1830–1801 BC
Nur-Adad	c. 1801–1785 BC	Contemporary of Sumu-la-El of Babylon
Sin-Iddinam	c. 1785–1778 BC	Son of Nur-Adad
Sin-Eribam	c. 1778–1776 BC
Sin-Iqisham	c. 1776–1771 BC	Contemporary of Zambiya of Isin, Son of Sin-Eribam
Silli-Adad	c. 1771–1770 BC
Warad-Sin	c. 1770–1758 BC	Possible co-regency with Kudur-Mabuk his father
Rim-Sin I	c. 1758–1699 BC	Contemporary of Irdanene of Uruk, Defeated by Hammurabi of Babylon, Brother of Warad-Sin
Hammurabi of Babylon	c. 1699–1686 BC	Official Babylonian rule, code of Hammurabi
Samsu-iluna of Babylon	c. 1686–1678 BC	Official Babylonian rule
Rim-Sin II	c. 1678–1674 BC	Killed in revolt against Babylon

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Sumu-abum orSu-abu	c. 1830–1817 BC	Amorite chieftain, founder of independent Babylonian State, Contemporary of Erishum I of Assyria
Sumu-la-El	c. 1817–1781 BC	Contemporary of Ikunum of Assyria
Sabium or Sabum	c. 1781–1767 BC	Son of Sumu-la-El
Apil-Sin	c. 1767–1749 BC	Son of Sabium
Sin-muballit	c. 1748–1729 BC	Son of Apil-Sin
Hammurabi	c. 1728–1686 BC	Founded Babylonian Empire. Contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari,Siwe-palar-huppak of Elam and Shamshi-Adad I of Assyria
Samsu-iluna	c. 1686–1648 BC	Son of Hammurabi
Abi-eshuh orAbieshu	c. 1648–1620 BC	Son of Samsu-iluna
Ammi-ditana	c. 1620–1583 BC	Son of Abi-eshuh
Ammi-saduqa orAmmisaduqa	c. 1582–1562 BC	Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa
Samsu-Ditana	c. 1562–1531 BC	Deposed by Hitite king Mursilis in the Sack of Babylon. LastAmorite ruler.

Sealand Dynasty (Dynasty II of Babylon)[edit]

Further information: Sealand Dynasty

These rulers may not have ruled Babylonia itself for more than the briefest of periods, but rather the formerly Sumerianregions south of it. Nevertheless, it is often traditionally numbered the Second Dynasty of Babylon, and so is listed here.

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Ilum-ma-ili	fl. c. 1732 BC	Contemporary of Samsu-iluna and Abi-ešuh
Itti-ili-nibi
Damqi-ilishu		His city walls for Der demolished by Ammi-Ditana
Ishkibal
Shushushi
Gulkishar
mDIŠ+U-EN		Contemporary of LIK.KUD-Šamaš (Assyria)
Peshgaldaramesh
Ayadaragalama		May have ruled briefly over Babylon
Akurduana
Melamkurkurra
Ea-gamil	fl. c. 1460 BC	Overthrown by Kassite Ulam Buriaš

Early Kassite Monarchs[edit]

Further information: Early Kassite rulers

This dynasty also did not actually rule Babylon, but their numbering scheme was continued by later Kassite Kings of Babylon, and so they are listed here.

Ruler	Reigned	Comments
Gandaš	fl. c. 1730 BC
Agum I		Known as Maḫrû, "the first," or rabi, "the great."
Kaštiliašu I		Son of Agum I *according to the Agum-Kakrime Inscription
Abi-Rattaš		Son of Kaštiliašu I *; may occupy fifth place, then Ušši or Uššiašu may come here
Kaštiliašu II
Ur-zigurumaš		Descendant of Abi-Rattaš *; alternative reading Tazzigurumaš
Ḫurbazum		Tell Muḥammed level 3, alternatively Ḫarba-Šipak/Šihu
Šipta’ulzi		Tell Muḥammed level 2, alternatively Tiptakzi

Late Bronze Age[edit]

Kassite Dynasty (Third Dynasty of Babylon)

The Amorites, also called Amurru or Martu, were an ancient Semitic-speaking people who dominated the history of Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine from about 2000 to 1600 BC. Tribal nomads who forced themselves into the lands that they needed, the Amorites were reputedly fierce warriors. They twice conquered Babylonia and Mesopotamia (at the end of the third and the beginning of the first millennium), establishing new city states; the most famous of which became Babylon. Their most noted king, Hammurabi, was the first king of the Babylon Empire.

The name Amorite literally means the “high one.” In the Mesopotamian sources from Sumer, Akkad and Assyria, Amorites appear as a nomadic people and are connected with the mountainous region of Jebel Bishri in northern Syria, called “the mountain of the Amorites.” They were an ancient tribe of Canaanites, technically not of Canaanite ethnicity, which inhabited the region northeast of the Jordan River. Amorites were apparently nomadic clans ruled by tribal chiefs, who pushed into lands they needed to graze their herds. Some Akkadian literature speaks disparagingly of them, and implies that both the Akkadians and Sumerians viewed their nomadic way of life with disgust and contempt:

“The MARTU who know no grain.... The MARTU who know no house nor town, the boors of the mountains.... The MARTU who digs up truffles... who does not bend his knees [to cultivate the land], who eats raw meat, who has no house during his lifetime, who is not buried after death...” (Chiera 1934, 58, 112).

In Egypt, the Amorites were called “Amar” and were represented on monuments with fair skin, light hair, blue eyes, curved noses, and pointed beards. They were supposedly men of great stature. One of their kings, Og, was described by Moses (Deuteronomy 3:11) as the last "of the remnant of the giants,” and whose bed was 13.5 feet (4 meters) long.